Open letter by Arthur Firstenberg
To the UN, WHO, EU, Council of Europeย and governments of all nations
We the undersigned scientists, doctors, environmental organizations and citizens from (__) countries, urgently call for a halt to the deployment of the 5G (fifth generation) wireless network, including 5G from space satellites. 5G will massively increase exposure to radio frequency (RF) radiation on top of the 2G, 3G and 4G networks for telecommunications already in place. RF radiation has been proven harmful for humans and the environment. The deployment of 5G constitutes an experiment on humanity and the environment that is defined as a crime under international law.
Executive summary
Telecommunications companies worldwide, with the support of governments, are poised within the next two years to roll out the fifth-generation wireless network (5G). This is set to deliver what is acknowledged to be unprecedented societal change on a global scale. We will have โsmartโ homes, โsmartโ businesses, โsmartโ highways, โsmartโ cities and self-driving cars. Virtually everything we own and buy, from refrigerators and washing machines to milk cartons, hairbrushes and infantsโ diapers, will contain antennas and microchips and will be connected wirelessly to the Internet. Every person on Earth will have instant access to super-high-speed, low- latency wireless communications from any point on the planet, even in rainforests, mid-ocean and the Antarctic.
What is not widely acknowledged is that this will also result in unprecedented environmental change on a global scale. The planned density of radio frequency transmitters is impossible to envisage. In addition to millions of new 5G base stations on Earth and 20,000 new satellites in space, 200 billion transmitting objects, according to estimates, will be part of the Internet of Things by 2020, and one trillion objects a few years later. Commercial 5G at lower frequencies and slower speeds was deployed in Qatar, Finland and Estonia in mid-2018. The rollout of 5G at extremely high (millimetre wave) frequencies is planned to begin at the end of 2018.
Despite widespread denial, the evidence that radio frequency (RF) radiation is harmful to life is already overwhelming. The accumulated clinical evidence of sick and injured human beings, experimental evidence of damage to DNA,ย cells and organ systems in a wide variety of plants and animals, and epidemiological evidence that the major diseases of modern civilizationโcancer, heart disease and diabetesโare in large part caused by electromagnetic pollution, forms a literature base of well over 10,000 peer-reviewed studies.
If the telecommunications industryโs plans for 5G come to fruition,ย no person, no animal, no bird, no insect and no plant on Earth will be able to avoid exposure, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, to levels of RF radiation that are tens to hundreds of times greater than what exists today,ย without any possibility of escape anywhere on the planet. These 5G plans threaten to provoke serious, irreversible effects on humans and permanent damage to all of the Earthโs ecosystems.
Immediate measures must be taken to protect humanity and the environment, in accordance with ethical imperatives and international agreements.
5G will result in a massive increase in inescapable, involuntary exposure to wireless radiation
Ground-based 5G
In order to transmit the enormous amounts of data required for the Internet of Things (IoT), 5G technology, when fully deployed, will use millimetre waves, which are poorly transmitted through solid material. This will require every carrier to install base stationsย every 100 metres[1]ย in every urban area in the world. Unlike previous generations of wireless technology, in which a single antenna broadcasts over a wide area, 5G base stations and 5G devices will haveย multiple antennas arranged in โphased arraysโย [2],[3]ย that work together to emit focused, steerable, laser-like beams that track each other.
Each 5G phone will contain dozens of tiny antennas, all working together to track and aim a narrowly focused beam at the nearest cell tower. The US Federal Communications Commission (FCC)ย has adopted rulesย [4]permitting the effective power of those beams to be as much as 20 watts, ten times more powerful than the levels permitted for current phones.
Each 5G base station will contain hundreds or thousands of antennas aiming multiple laser-like beams simultaneously at all cell phones and user devices in its service area. This technology is called โmultiple input multiple outputโ or MIMO. FCC rules permit the effective radiated power of a 5G base stationโsย beams to be as much as 30,000 wattsย per 100 MHz of spectrum,[2]ย or equivalently 300,000 watts per GHz of spectrum, tens to hundreds of times more powerful than the levels permitted for current base stations.
Space-based 5G
At least five companies[5]ย are proposing to provide 5G from space from a combined 20,000 satellites in low- and medium-Earth orbit that will blanket the Earth with powerful, focused, steerable beams. Each satellite will emit millimetre waves with an effective radiated power ofย up to 5 million watts[6]ย from thousands of antennas arranged in a phased array. Although the energy reaching the ground from satellites will be less than that from ground-based antennas, it will irradiate areas of the Earth not reached by other transmitters and will be additional to ground-based 5G transmissions from billions of IoT objects. Even more importantly, the satellites will be located in the Earthโs magnetosphere, which exerts a significant influence over the electrical properties of the atmosphere.ย The alteration of the Earthโs electromagnetic environment may be an even greater threat to life than the radiation from ground-based antennas (see below).
Harmful effects of radio frequency radiation are already proven
Even before 5G was proposed,ย dozens of petitions and appeals[7]ย by international scientists, including theย Freiburger Appealย signed by over 3,000 physicians, called for a halt to the expansion of wireless technology and a moratorium on new base stations.[8]
In 2015,ย 215 scientists from 41 countriesย communicated their alarm to the United Nations (UN) and World Health Organization (WHO).[9]ย They stated that โnumerous recent scientific publications have shown that EMF [electromagnetic fields]affects living organisms at levels well below most international and national guidelinesโ. More than 10,000 peer-reviewed scientific studies demonstrate harm to human health from RF radiation.[10][11]ย Effects include:
- Alteration of heart rhythm[12]
- Altered gene expression[13]
- Altered metabolism[14]
- Altered stem cell development[15]
- Cancers[16]
- Cardiovascular disease[17]
- Cognitive impairment[18]
- DNA damage[19]
Effects in children includeย autism,[28]ย attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)[29][30]ย andย asthma.[31]
Damage goes well beyond the human race, as there is abundant evidence of harm to diverse plant- andย wildlife[32][33]ย and laboratory animals, including:
- Ants[34]
- Birds[35][36]
- Forests[37]
- Frogs[38]
- Fruit flies[39]
- Honey bees[40]
Negativeย microbiologicalย effects[48]ย have also been recorded.
The WHOโs International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded in 2011 that RF radiation of frequencies 30 kHz โ 300 GHz are possiblyย carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).[49]ย However, recent evidence, including the latest studies on cell phone use and brain cancer risks, indicate thatย RF radiation is proven carcinogenic to humans[50]ย and should now be classified as a โGroup 1 carcinogenโ along with tobacco smoke and asbestos.
Most contemporary wireless signals are pulse-modulated. Harm is caused by both the high-frequency carrier wave and the low-frequency pulsations.[51]
The deployment of 5G satellites must be prohibited
The Earth, the ionosphere and the lower atmosphere form the global electric circuit[52]ย in which we live. It is well established thatย biological rhythmsโof humans,[53][54]ย birds,[55]ย hamsters,[56]ย and spiders[57][58]โare controlled by the Earthโs natural electromagnetic environment and that the well-being of all organisms depends on the stability of this environment, including theย electrical properties of the atmosphere.[59][60][61][62]ย Cherry, in a groundbreaking paper,ย [63]ย explained the importance of theย Schumann resonances[64]ย and why ionospheric disturbances can alter blood pressure and melatonin and cause โcancer, reproductive, cardiac and neurological disease and deathโ.
These elements of our electromagnetic environment have already been altered by radiation from power lines.ย Power line harmonic radiation[65]reaches the Earthโs ionosphere and magnetosphere, where it is amplified byย wave-particle interactions.[66][67]ย In 1985, Dr. Robert O. Becker warned that power line harmonic radiation had already changed the structure of the magnetosphere, and that the continued expansion of this effect โthreatens the viability of all life on Earthโ.[68]ย The placement of tens of thousands of satellites directly in both the ionosphere and magnetosphere, emitting modulated signals at millions of watts and millions of frequencies, is likely to alter our electromagnetic environment beyond our ability to adapt.[69]
Informal monitoringย has already provided evidence indicating serious effects on humans and animals from the approximately 100 satellites that have provided 2G and 3G phone service from low orbit since 1998. Such effects cannot be understood only from consideration of the low levels of radiation on the ground. Knowledge from other relevant scientific disciplines must be taken into account, including the fields of atmospheric physics and acupuncture.[70][71][72][73]ย Adding 20,000 5G satellites will further pollute theย global electric circuit[74][75]ย and couldย alter the Schumann resonances,[76]ย with which all life on Earth has evolved. The effects will be universal and may be profoundly damaging.
5G is qualitatively and quantitatively different from 4G
The idea that we will tolerateย tens to hundreds of times more radiationย at millimetre wavelengths is based on faulty modelling of the human body as aย shell filled with a homogeneous liquid.[77][78]ย The assumption that millimetre waves do not penetrate beyond the skin completely ignores nerves,[79]ย blood vessels[80][81]ย and other electrically conducting structures that can carry radiation-induced currents deep into the body.[82][83][84]ย Another, potentially more serious error is that phased arrays are not ordinary antennas. When an ordinary electromagnetic field enters the body, it causes charges to move and currents to flow. But when extremely short electromagnetic pulses enter the body, something else happens: the moving charges themselves become little antennas that reradiate the electromagnetic field and send it deeper into the body. These reradiated waves are calledย Brillouin precursors.[85]ย They become significant when either the power or the phase of the wavesย changes rapidly enough.[86]ย 5G will probably satisfy both criteria.
In addition, shallow penetration in itself poses a unique danger to eyes and to the largest organ of the body, the skin, as well as to very small creatures. Peer-reviewed studies have recently been published, predictingย thermal skin burns[87]ย in humans from 5G radiation andย resonant absorption by insects,[88]ย which absorb up to 100 times as much radiation at millimetre wavelengths as they do at wavelengths presently in use. Since populations ofย flying insects have declined by 75-80 per centย since 1989 even in protected nature areas,[89]ย 5G radiation could have catastrophic effects on insect populations worldwide. Aย 1986 study by Om Gandhiย warned that millimetre waves are strongly absorbed by the cornea of the eye, and that ordinary clothing, being of millimetre-size thickness, increases the absorption of energy by the skin by a resonance-type effect.[90]ย Russell (2018)ย reviews the known effects of millimetre waves on skin, eyes (including cataracts), heart rate, immune system and DNA.[91]
Regulators have deliberately excluded the scientific evidence of harm
Stakeholders thus far in the development of 5G have been industry and governments, while renowned international EMF scientists who have documented biological effects on humans, animals, insects and plants, and alarming effects on health and the environment in thousands of peer-reviewed studies have been excluded. The reason for the current inadequate safety guidelines is thatย conflicts of interestย of standard-setting bodies โdue to their relationships with telecommunications or electric companies undermine the impartiality that should govern the regulation of Public Exposure Standards for non-ionizing radiationโ.ย [92]Professor Emeritus Martin L. Pall lays out the conflicts of interest in detail, and the lists of important studies that have been excluded, in hisย literature review.ย [93]
The thermal hypothesis is obsoleteโnew safety standards are needed
Current safety guidelines are based on theย obsolete hypothesisย that heating is the only harmful effect of EMFs. As Markov and Grigorievย have stated, โToday standards do not consider the real pollution of the environment with nonionizing radiationโ.[94]Hundreds of scientists, including many signatories to this appeal, have proven that many different kinds of acute and chronic illnesses and injuries areย caused without heatingย (โnon-thermal effectโ) from radiation levels far below international guidelines.9Biological effects occur even at near-zero power levels. Effects that have been found at 0.02 picowatts (trillionths of a watt) per square centimetre or less includeย altered genetic structure in E. coli[95]andย in rats,[96]ย altered EEGย in humans,[97]ย growth stimulationย in bean plants,[98]ย andย stimulation of ovulationย in chickens.[99]
To protect against non-thermal effects, duration of exposure must be considered. 5G will expose everyone to many more transmissions simultaneously and continuously, day and night without cessation. New safety standards are needed and should be based onย cumulative exposureandย not only on power levelsย but also on frequency, bandwidth, modulation, waveform, pulse width and other properties that are biologically important. Antennas must be confined to specific, publicly identified locations. To protect humans, antennas must be located far from where people live and work, and excluded from the public rights-of-way where people walk. To protect wildlife, they must be excluded from wilderness sanctuaries and strictly minimized in remote areas of the Earth. To protect all life, commercial communications satellites must be limited in number and prohibited in low- and medium-Earth orbits. Phased arrays must be prohibited on Earth and in space.
RF radiation has both acute and chronic effects
RF radiation has both immediate and long-term effects. Cancer and heart disease are examples of long-term effects.ย Alteration of heart rhythm[100]andย changes in brain function (EEG)[101]ย are examples of immediate effects. A syndrome that was calledย radiowave sickness[102]ย in the former Soviet Union and is calledย electromagnetic hypersensitivityย (EHS) around the world today[103]ย can be either acute or chronic. Professor Dr. Karl Hecht has published aย detailed historyย of these syndromes, compiled from a review of more than 1,500 Russian scientific papers and the clinical histories of more than 1,000 of his own patients in Germany. Objective findings include sleep disorders, abnormal blood pressure and heart rate, digestive disorders, hair loss, tinnitus and skin rash. Subjective symptoms include dizziness, nausea, headache, memory loss, inability to concentrate, fatigue, flu-like symptoms and cardiac pain.ย [104]
Theย EUROPAEM EMF Guideline 2016ย states that EHS develops when people are โcontinuously exposed in their daily lifeโ to increasing levels of EMFs, and that โreduction and prevention of EMF exposureโ is necessary to restore these patients to health.[105]ย EHS should no longer be considered a disease, but an injury by a toxic environment that affects an increasingly large portion of the population, estimated already at 100 million people worldwide,[106][107]ย and thatย may soon affect everyone[108]ย if the worldwide rollout of 5G is permitted.
Theย International Scientific Declaration on EHS and multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), Brussels, declared in 2015 that โ[i]naction is a cost to society and is not an option any moreโฆย [W]e unanimously acknowledge this serious hazard to public healthโฆ [urgently requiring]that majorย primary prevention measures are adopted and prioritized, to face this worldwide pan-epidemic in perspectiveโ (emphasis added).[109]
World governments are failing in their duty of care to the populations they govern
In their haste to implement 5G and to encourage the unconstrained use of outer space, the European Union, United States and national governments worldwide are taking steps to ensure a โbarrier-freeโ regulatory environment.[110]ย They areย prohibiting local authorities from enforcing environmental laws,[111]ย and โin the interest of speedy and cost-effective deploymentโ, removing โunnecessary burdensโฆ such as local planning procedures [and]the variety of specific limits on electromagnetic field (EMF) emissions and of the methods required to aggregate themโ.[112]
Governments are alsoย enacting lawsย to make wireless facilities a permitted use in all public rights-of-way.[113]ย To date, most wireless facilities have been located on private property at some distance from homes and businesses. In order for them to be spaced less than 100 metres apart as required by 5G, however, they will now be located on the sidewalk directly in front of homes and businesses and close above the heads of pedestrians, including mothers with babies.
Public notice requirements and public hearings are being eliminated. Even if there were a hearing and 100 scientific experts were to testify against 5G,ย laws have been passed making it illegalย for local authorities to take their testimony into consideration. US law, for example, prohibits local governments from regulating wireless technology โon the basis of the environmental effects of radio frequency radiationโ,[114]ย and courts have reversed regulatory decisions about cell tower placement simply because most of the public testimony was about health.[115]ย Insurers will not provide coverage against EMF risks,[116]ย and there is zero clarity as to what entity will bear legal responsibility for damage to life, limb and property arising from exposure to 5G, whether ground- or space-based.[117]
In the absence of an agreed comprehensive legal regime governing activities in outer space, legal liability for those activities is non-existent, despite the prospect of whole continents, the atmosphere and the oceans being put at risk by them.
ย International agreements are being violated
Children and duty of care
The United Nationsย Convention on the Rights of the Child: States shall โundertake to ensure the child such protection and care as is necessary for his or her well-beingโ (art. 3),ย โensureโฆ the survival and development of the childโ (art. 6)ย and โtake appropriate measures to combat diseaseโฆย taking into consideration the dangers and risks of environmental pollutionโ (art. 24(c)).
The Nuremberg Code (1949)ย applies to all experiments on humans, thus including the deployment of 5G with new, higher RF radiation exposure that has not been pre-market tested for safety.ย โThe voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essentialโ (art. 1). Exposure to 5G will be involuntary. โNo experiment should be conducted, where there is an a priori reason to believe that death or disabling injury will occurโย (art. 5). The findings of over 10,000 scientific studies and the voices ofย hundreds of international organizationsย representing hundreds of thousands of members who have suffered disabling injury and been displaced from their homes by already-existing wireless telecommunications facilities, are โa priori reasons to believe that death or disabling injury will occurโ.
Duty to inform and EMFs
Theย World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (2012)ย of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) stated that โ[t]here is a need to inform the public of the potential effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs)โ and invited Member States โto adopt suitable measures in order to ensure compliance with relevant international recommendations to protect health against the adverse effect of EMFโ.
The Mid-term review of the European Environment and Health Action Plan 2004-2010ย (2008): โThe European Parliamentโฆ [n]otes that the limits on exposure to electromagnetic fields which have been set for the general public are obsolete, โฆ obviously take no account of developments in information and communication technologies, of the recommendations issued by the European Environment Agency or of the stricter emission standards adopted, for example, by Belgium, Italy and Austria, and do not address the issue of vulnerable groups, such as pregnant women, newborn babies and children.โ
Resolution 1815 (Council of Europe, 2011): โTake all reasonable measures to reduce exposure to electromagnetic fields, especially to radio frequencies from mobile phones, and particularly the exposure to children and young people.โ
Environment
Theย Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environmentย (1972): โThe discharge of toxic substancesโฆ in such quantities or concentrations as to exceed the capacity of the environment to render them harmless, must be halted in order to ensure that serious or irreversible damage is not inflicted upon ecosystemsโย (principle 6).
Theย World Charter for Natureย (1982): โActivities which are likely to cause irreversible damage to nature shall be avoidedโฆ [W]here potential adverse effects are not fully understood, the activities should not proceedโ (art. 11).
Theย Rio Declaration on Environment and Developmentย (1992): โStates haveโฆ the responsibility to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other States or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdictionโ (principle 2).
The United Nationsย World Summit on Sustainable Developmentย (2002):ย โThere is an urgent need toโฆ create more effective national and regional policy responses to environmental threats to human healthโ (para. 54(k)).
Theย African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resourcesย (2017): โThe Parties shallโฆ take all appropriate measures to prevent, mitigate and eliminate to the maximum extent possible, detrimental effects on the environment, in particular from radioactive, toxic, and other hazardous substances and wastesโ (art.ย 13).
Health and human rights
Theย Universal Declaration of Human Rights:ย โEveryone has the right to life, liberty and security of personโ (art. 3).
The United Nationsย Global Strategy for Womenโs, Childrenโs and Adolescentsโ Health(2016-2030)ย has as objectives and targets to โtransformโ, by expanding enabling environments; to โsurviveโ, by reducing maternal and newborn mortality; and to โthriveโ by ensuring health and well-being and reducing pollution-related deaths and illnesses.
Space
Theย Outer Space Treatyย (1967) requires that the use of outer space be conducted โso as to avoid [its]harmful contamination and also adverse changes in the environment of the Earthโ(art. IX).
World governments are playing dice with life on Earth
Albert Einstein famously asserted that โGod does not play diceโ.[118]ย Yet by pursuing the broadcast on Earth and from space of 5G, an unprecedented technology of millimetre waves previously used as an energy weapon inย military operations and crowd control,[119]ย world governments are recklessly playing dice with the future of life on Earth.
To refuse to accept and apply relevant and valid scientific knowledge is ethically unacceptable. Existing research shows that 5Gโand especially space-based 5Gโcontravenes principles enshrined in a host of international agreements.
We call upon the UN, WHO, EU, Council of Europe and governments of all nations,
(a)ย To takeย immediate measures to halt the deployment of 5G on Earth and in space in order to protect all humankind, especially the unborn, infants, children, adolescents and pregnant women, as well as the environment;
(b)ย To followย theย United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Childย andย Council of Europe Resolution 1815ย by informing citizens, including teachers and physicians, about the health risks (to adults and children) from RF radiation, and why they should and how they can avoid wireless communication and base stations, particularly in or near day-care centres, schools, hospitals, homes and workplaces;
(c)ย To favour and implementย wired telecommunications instead of wireless;
(d)ย To prohibitย the wireless/telecommunications industryย through its lobbying organizationsย fromย persuading officialsย to make decisions permitting further expansion of RF radiation, including ground- and space-based 5G;
(e)ย To appointย immediatelyโwithout industry influenceโinternational groups of independent, truly impartial EMF and health scientists with no conflicts of interest,ย [120]ย for the purpose of establishing new international safety standards for RF radiation that are not based only on power levels, that consider cumulative exposure, and that protect againstย allย health and environmental effects, not just thermal effects and not just effects on humans;
(f)ย To appointย immediatelyโwithout industry influenceโinternational groups of scientists with expertise in EMFs, health, biology and atmospheric physics, for the purpose of developing a comprehensive regulatory framework that will ensure that the uses of outer space are safe for humans and the environment, taking into account RF radiation, rocket exhaust gases, black soot, and space debris and their impacts onย ozone,ย [121]ย global warming,ย [122]ย the atmosphere and the preservation of life on Earth. Not only ground-based but also space-based technology must be sustainableย [123]ย for adults and children, animals and plants.
Please respond to the Appeal Administrator listed below,
detailing the measures you intend to take to protect the global population against RF radiation exposure, especially 5G radiation. This appeal and your response will be publicly available onย www.5gSpaceAppeal.org.
Respectfully submitted,
Arthur Firstenberg,
Appeal Administrator,ย info@5gSpaceAppeal.org
Africa signatories
Lauraine Margaret Helen Vivian,ย PhD, Anthropology and Psychiatry; Honorary Research Associate, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Signatory forย South Africa.
Author: GBA News Desk
Source: Global Researchhttps://www.globalresearch.ca/